The Parental Rights of Rapists

We consider the joint allocation of receiver, bit, and power to subcarriers in the downlink of multicell orthogonal frequency-division multiple-access (OFDMA) networks. Assuming that the cells share the entire bandwidth and that the rates are discrete, we formulate the joint allocation problem as a nonlinear mixed integer program (MIP), which however has exponential worst-case complexity. We capitalize on the capability of the receivers to measure the interference-plus-noise on every subcarrier and decompose the joint problem into a set of smaller-scale linear MIPs solved by individual base stations. Accordingly, we propose a distributed algorithm with linear complexity, in which the base stations participate in the problem solution in a round-robin manner. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm in comparison with the iterative waterfilling algorithm and the successive optimal solution, by means of standard branch-and-cut solvers, of the individual MIPs

Robust Resource Allocation for OFDM-based Cognitive Radio in the Presence of Primary User Emulation Attack

Cognitive radio (CR) is a promising solution to improve the spectrum efficiency in which some unlicensed users are allowed to exploit frequency bands which are not used by licensed network. However, CR technology imposes some threats to the network. One of these threats is primary user emulation attack where some malicious users try to send fake signals similar to the primary user (PU) and prevent secondary users from accessing vacant bands. Moreover, the presence of a primary user emulation attacker (PUEA) leads to additional interference to the CR and consequently, the efficiency of conventional power loading algorithms will be degraded. In this paper, we propose a power allocation scheme in an orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) based CR in the presence of PUEA. Power allocation is performed with the aim of maximizing the downlink transmission capacity achieved by the cognitive user, while keeping the interference level at the PU below a predefined threshold. Simulation results confirm the efficiency of our proposed power loading scheme, compared to classical loading algorithms that do not consider the activity of malicious users in the radio environment

Effects of construction delays on construction project objectives

Delays can be defined as the late completion of works as compared to the planned schedule on the contract. Delays can be avoided or minimized only when their causes are identified. When delay occurred in to our project, it will have adverse consequences on project objectives in terms of time, cost and quality. The aim of the study reported in this paper was to identify the effects of delays that could threat project objectives in construction projects. A comprehensive literature review from various sources through books, conference proceedings, the internet, and civil engineering journals was made to carry out the study. According to delay categories that were contractor related, client related, consultant related, labor related and external related, the results of this study identified the six major effects of delay that were time overrun, cost overrun, dispute, arbitration, total abandonment, and litigation. The study also revealed that time and cost overruns were the frequent effects of delay. It is hoped that this study will become the foundation of further research in the area of project delays and mitigation measures

A concentration of serum selenium in multiple sclerosis patients compare to healthy subject in Tehran

     Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory demyelinating disease which the exact etiology is still are far to be clear. Reasons for this autoimmune disease are unknown origin. The aim of present study was to evaluate serum levels of selenium in patient with MS compare to healthy subjects. A total of 46 subjects were enrolled in the study, Sera of 23 MS cases and 23 healthy normal cohorts as control group were obtained. Atomic absorption spectrophotometer was employed for estimating serum selenium level. Serum selenium levels were significantly lower in MS than in control cohorts (60.87±13 compared with 85.74±12, P-value < 0.0001). Serum selenium levels may thus be a marker of MS; the decreasing levels of serum selenium may be host defense strategies of body

Language Anxiety among Jordanian Postgraduate Students at Yarmouk University

This research is designed to investigate language anxiety among Jordanian master's students of English language at Yarmouk University. It is directed by two research questions: To what extent do selected variables age, socio-economic status, and speaking ability predict the language anxiety levels among Jordanian master's students at Yarmouk University? and which factors do students believe contribute to anxiety? This research used an adopted version by Aida (1994) of the FLCAS instrument proposed by Horwitz, Horwitz & Cope (1986) to measure anxiety levels. It is recommended that teachers, educators and educational policy makers pay more attention to the problems of foreign language anxiety, especially in speaking skills, and to tailor new innovative methodologies and strategies that can reduce anxiety levels. Keywords: Language Anxiety, Jordanian master's students, Quantitative Researc

Communication Learning through Smartphone Application for Autism

This project target the kids ( 7 to 12 years old) diagnosed with Classic Autism to help them to improve their development in communication and social skills by using the learning communication software via android smartphone devices. It will make use of a current popular touchscreen technology with attractive features for the kids to use in the learning process. People with classic autism often has problem with communication as they might have delay in developing language and speech, some autism kids also had problem in grasping and using objects such as mouse and keyboards. A touch screen device will allows the people with classic autism to navigate and interact with the devices instead of using mouse and keyboards when they use computers and introduce new actions such as tap and touch the screen. The software will also emphasize on colors, pictures and sound to guide the autism kids to communicate and at the same time attract them to use it. This project is also aim for the autism kid to improve their learning ability and development of speech and communication by using the picture exchange system that will be used to replaced current method which is verbal teaching and is hope to encourage and instill the autism kids with the vital knowledge that they need to know as they are growing up. Visual memory has been proven easier to remember compared to verbal words, this project will make use of the fact and more entertaining features will be added such as sound and animation to help the autism kids to better understand the words

Renovations and modifications during the presidency of Hashemi Rafsanjani

After 8 years of war (Iran-Iraq), reconstruction and economical growth policies, considered as the priority to the construction government, formed deficiencies in political and social sectors despite the economic development. What were the consequences of Hashemi’s government? The research hypothesis introduces the economical gap and political dissatisfaction as the answer to this question